What is a pterygium?

Pterygium means "wing" and refers to a wing-like growth that spreads over the cornea [See figure 1]. Pterygia are more common in the tropics and are associated with early exposure to the sun (especially during childhood and teen years).

A pterygium may be confused with a pingueculum, a benign degeneration of the conjunctiva that does not extend over the cornea. A pingueculum is a yellowish patch or bump on the surface of the eye in a similar location. A pingueculum does not progressively grow. Both are caused by damage due to exposure to ultraviolet light (sun).

What is the cause of a pterygium?

The most likely cause is damage to the conjunctiva by the sun's ultraviolet rays. Pterygia usually grow over the edge of the cornea nearest the nose. Pterygia are not spread from person to person.

What are the effects of a pterygium?

Pterygia are usually small and have no harmful effects. They sometimes cause redness, burning, itching and/or an unacceptable appearance. Larger pterygia can cause blurred vision by altering the shape of the cornea, producing astigmatism. Some pterygia grow over the center of the cornea causing loss of vision.

How can a pterygium be treated?

Artificial tears usually relieve irritation and burning caused by pterygia. Anti-allergy drops or even anti-inflammatory drops may be used for more significant symptoms. If vision is affected or if the pterygia become large, surgical excision may be indicated. Methods to decrease recurrence rate include grafting of conjunctiva tissue from another part of the eye, anti-metabolite drugs or even radiation. Regrowth of the pterygium is a common late complication.

How can a pterygium be prevented?

Prevention starts in childhood. Hats with brims are important to protect children's eyes. Sunglasses with UV protection are encouraged for children.

Eye Terms & Conditions