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Chalazion

Fig. 1 A chalazion is a bump in the eyelid.

What is a chalazion?

A chalazion is a bump in the eyelid that is usually about the size of a small pea although it is occasionally smaller or larger. More than one chalazion can occur in an eyelid at the same time [See figure 1].

What causes a chalazion?

Small glands lining the edge of the eyelids produce oil that helps lubricate the surface of the eye. When one of these glands becomes blocked, oil backs up inside the gland and forms a bump in the eyelid. Sometimes there is a reaction to the deposit causing the chalazion to become red, swollen and painful.

Is a chalazion the same thing as a stye?

Not really, although the terms are often used interchangeably. A stye (hordeolum) is a bump in the eyelid that occurs when an oil gland becomes infected. In effect, it is like a small boil on the edge of the eyelid. A chalazion is an accumulation of material in the eyelid as a result of a blocked oil gland.

Why do chalazia occur?

Usually there is no known underlying cause. However, chronic inflammation of the oil gland openings, (blepharitis), predisposes to the development of a chalazion. This situation may result in recurrent chalazia. Blepharitis may be aggravated by poor eyelid hygiene which includes eye rubbing in children.

What are the treatment options for chalazia?

Most chalazia resolve spontaneously within several days to months. Warm soaks of the affected area can promote drainage of the blocked gland. Anti-inflammatory eye drops, ointments or an injection into the bump may be indicated. A large swollen or persistent chalazion may necessitate oral antibiotics and/or surgical drainage. Children may require deep sedation or general anesthesia for the surgical procedure.

For those with a recurrent problem, a daily regimen of eyelid scrubs or washes can reduce the chances of developing new chalazia. This is especially useful when blepharitis is present.