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Capillary Hemangioma

Fig. 1 A capillary hemangioma is an abnormal overgrowth of blood vessels that is sometimes referred to as a "strawberry" birthmark.

What is a capillary hemangioma?

A capillary hemangioma (“strawberry” birthmark) is a benign, abnormal overgrowth of blood vessels. Capillary hemangiomas typically appear during the first 6 months of life and usually begin decreasing in size between 12 and 15 months of age. Most regress fully by 5 or 6 years of age. Capillary hemangiomas are more common in premature infants and in girls.

Where on the body do capillary hemangiomas occur?

Capillary hemangiomas can be found anywhere on the body. Eye involvement includes eyelids, eye surface (conjunctiva) and eye socket.

How do capillary hemangiomas on the lids cause vision problems?

Amblyopia can occur if the involved eyelid covers the pupil and blocks visions development and/or the lesion causes a large amount of astigmatism and blurs the vision.

How does a capillary hemangioma in the eye socket cause vision problems?

A capillary hemangioma in the eye socket can put pressure on the eye. It can also press on the optic nerve, potentially damaging vision.

Do all capillary hemangiomas around the eye need to be treated?

No. Many capillary hemangiomas around the eye are simply monitored for the development of vision problems. If the vision is not affected, treatment is usually not indicated.

How are capillary hemangiomas treated?

Capillary hemangiomas are treated in a variety of ways, depending on location, severity, etc.

• Steroids are often used to treat hemangiomas. Steroids stop the progression of hemangiomas by causing the blood vessels to shrink. Steroids can be taken by mouth, injected into the hemangioma or applied to the surface of the hemangioma.
• Laser is often used for the superficial components of the hemangioma to prevent growth or diminish size.
• Surgery for hemangioma around the eye is generally reserved for small, discrete and below the skin surface lesions.
• Propranolol is being used in some centers to help reduce the size of the hemangioma.

How long does it take the capillary hemangioma to go away?

Capillary hemangiomas typically take several years to fully regress. The involved skin may retain a red color or may be slightly puckered in appearance, or may look perfectly normal depending upon how completely the hemangioma resolves.